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Physics

Table of Contents

Introduction
One Dimensional Motion
Two Dimensional Motion
Force
Work and Energy
Momentum and Collisions
Circular Motion and the Law of Gravity
Vibrations and Waves
Electric Fields and Potentials
Current and Resistance
Magnetism
Wave Properties of Light
Quantum Physics
Atomic Physics
Nuclear Physics

Introduction

In this chapter we discuss the concept of dimension and the choices of units commonly used in physics. We discuss dimensional analysis and order of magnitude calculations, and define some mathematical notation

Motion in One Dimension

In this chapter we discuss motion in one dimension. We introduce definitions for displacement, velocity and acceleration, and derive equations of motion for bodies moving in one dimension with constant acceleration. We apply these equations to the situation of a body moving under the influence of gravity alone.
Displacement
Average Velocity
Instantaneous Velocity
Acceleration
One Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
Derivation of Kinematic Equations of Motion
Freely Falling Bodies

Motion in Two Dimensions

In two dimensions, it is necessary to use vector notation to describe physical quantities with both magnitude and direction. In this chapter, we define displacement, velocity and acceleration as vectors in two dimensions. We also discuss the solution of projectile motion problems in two dimensions.
Scalars and Vectors
Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration in 2-Dimensions
Displacement
Average Velocity
Instantaneous Velocity
Average Acceleration
Instantaneous Acceleration
Projectile Motion

Force

In this section we introduce the concept of force. We discuss Newton's laws, which describe the way a body responds to a net force. We discuss frictional forces and the way they can be mathematically represented. We study several applications of Newton's laws.
Newton's First Law
Newton's Second Law
Newton's Third Law
Applications of Newton's Laws
Friction
Experimental facts about friction
Problem Solving Strategy

Work and Energy

In this chapter we introduce the concepts of work, energy and power. We define kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, and the potential energy stored in a compressed or stretched spring.
Work
Kinetic Energy and the Work Energy Theorem
Gravitational Potential Energy
Potential Energy Stored in a Spring
Choosing a Coordinate System
Conservation Laws
Power

Momentum and Collisions

In this section we define momentum and impluse. We discuss the conservation of momentum in collisions and the conservation of kinetic energy in the context of three different types of collisions.
Momentum and Impulse
Conservation of Momentum
Collisions and Kinetic Energy
Types of collisions
Head on Collisions and Glancing Collisions

Circular Motion and the Law of Gravity

In this Chapter, the quantities needed to describe circular motion will be defined. These include angular velocity, angular acceleration, tangential velocity and acceleration and, centripetal acceleration. We will also learn about Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation and apply it to a couple of examples involving circular orbits.
Introduction
Centripetal Acceleration
Newton's Law of Gravitation

Vibrations and Waves

If any object is displaced slightly from equilibrium it will oscillate about its equilibrium position in what is called simple harmonic motion. The most common examples are a mass on a spring, and a simple pendulum. In this Chapter we examine in detail the motion of simple harmonic oscillators.
Simple Harmonic Motion
Elastic Potential Energy
Comparison with Circular Motion
The Simple Pendulum

Electric Fields and Potentials

The most common experience with electric charge in everyday life is that of ``static cling' - when two particular types of materials are rubbed together, it is found that they stick together, at least for a while. In this chapter we will be examining properties of electric charges at rest. The major concepts which will be introduced are the electric field and the electric potential V .
Electric Charge
Electric Forces and Fields
Electric work and potential difference

Current and Resistance

In this Chapter we will study charges in motion due to electric fields. This will lead us to a discussion of Kirchhoff's laws, which are general tools for the analysis of electrical circuits.
Current
Resistance
Energy and Power
Circuits
Resistors in Series
Resistors in Parallel

Magnetism

The movement of a compass needle towards the North Pole and the attraction of a fridge magnet to the refrigerator are two examples of magnetism in our everyday lives. In this chapter we will examine a magnetic field in detail and begin to explore the sources of magnetism. We will also begin to see a connection between magnetism and electricity which, when developed further, is at the heart of one of the most successful theories in physics.
The Magnetic Field
Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field
Magnetic Force on a Current Carrying Wire
Torque on a Current Carrying Loop
Sources of the Magnetic Field
A long straight wire
A circular loop
Solenoid
Force between two parallel wires

Wave Properties of Light

There are many properties of light that can only be understood in terms of a wave-like description. In this Chapter we will examine these in some detail; many of the more mathematical aspects will be omitted.
General Properties of Light
General Properties of Waves
Reflection
Refraction
Diffraction
Interference
Young's Double Slit Experiment

Quantum Physics

We have seen in the previous chapter that the properties of refraction, diffraction, and interference all require a wave picture of light. In this chapter we will begin to study other aspects associated with light which cannot be explained with a wave picture, but in fact need a particle picture. The coexistence of phenomena which require both a wave and a particle picture is called a wave-particle duality, and is at the heart of the modern theory of quantum physics.
The Photoelectric Effect
Wave-Particle Duality
de Broglie Waves
The Uncertainty Principle

Atomic Physics

In this chapter we will explore the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom and its extensions. This model was one of the greatest successes of early quantum theory, and spurred many further investigations which continue to this day.
Atomic Spectra
The Bohr Model

Nuclear Physics

In this chapter we will examine some properties of the nucleus. This will include a discussion of radioactivity of heavier elements and also the nuclear reactions of fusion and fission.
Nuclei
Radioactivity
Nuclear Reactions